Encyclopedia

of Home Improvements

*Levels*

Levels measure true horizontal (level) and true vertical (plumb) either with vials (spirit levels) or sensors (electronic levels). These mechanisms are incorporated into rails of wood, plastic, aluminum or magnesium. The rail or body of the level may be solid, I-beam or box-beam.

Better grades of levels are determined by the strength and rigidity of the frame, and the type and accuracy of the vials or other measuring device. Level vials may be adjustable or nonadjustable, straight or bent, replaceable or permanent. Some vials are constructed of a precision-tapped block of solid acrylic and are virtually unbreakable.

When the level is laid on an object or surface, or placed against an object or surface, the location of the bubble tells you whether or not the object, or surface, is level. If the bubble floats to the middle of the vial, then it is level. But, if the bubble floats to the left side, that means the object is low on the left side. On the other hand, if the bubble floats to the right side, that means the object is low on the right side.


Electronic levels employ sensors rather than vials. One uses an audio signal or colored lights to indicate level and plumb, another includes a visual display. More sophisticated models read angles as well as level and plumb, and offer a reset button so the level can be recalibrated if dropped.

Levels come with both adjustable and nonadjustable vials. Wood levels use epoxy or cement to hold vials in place. Accidental damage can knock vials out of adjustment. Levels with replaceable vials provide on-the-spot serviceability in the event a vial is accidentally damaged.

Better wood levels come with brass or aluminum edges. These edges prevent chipping and help to protect the frame from distortion due to warpage. Better aluminum levels come with top reading windows, nonadjustable vials and protective end plates.

A torpedo level, approximately 9" long, is used for work in close quarters. It is most popular among mechanics, hobbyists and householders.

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